Nowadays, phacoemulsification is the most common surgical procedure to treat cataracts. The technique offers precision, safety, and quick recovery time. This guide by Ophthalmology24 includes short and simplified information about the procedure. Our goal is to help patients understand what to expect from the surgery.
Phacoemulsification Procedure Overview
The steps of the cataract surgery are as follows:
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia, often in the form of eye drops, numbs the eye.
Small Incision: The eye surgeon makes a very small incision (2-3 millimeters) in the cornea.
Ultrasound Probe: A tiny probe emitting ultrasound waves is inserted through the incision.
Emulsification: The ultrasound waves break up the cloudy lens into small fragments.
Aspiration: The same probe suctions out the fragmented lens pieces.
Insertion of intraocular lens: A foldable artificial lens (IOL) is inserted through the incision into the lens capsule.
Self-sealing incision: The small incision is usually self-sealing and does not need stitches.
Advantages of Phacoemulsification
Minimally invasive
Quick recovery
High success rate in restoring vision
Reduced risk of complications
The small incision causes minimal disruption to the eye structure. Most patients experience a faster recovery time compared to other cataract surgery techniques. There is a lower risk of infection and postoperative discomfort due to the smaller incision. Phacoemulsification also has a high success rate in restoring vision and reducing the need for glasses or contact lenses.
Disadvantages of Phacoemulsification
Technology dependence
Cost
The procedure requires specialized equipment and surgical training. Those may not be available in all regions. Phacoemulsification also tends to be more expensive than other types of cataract surgeries. Although it is widely covered by health insurance.
RELATED: Best Cataract Surgery Options
Phacoemulsification Indications
Phacoemulsification is suitable for most patients with cataracts, particularly those who:
Have age-related cataracts
Are looking for a quicker recovery
Prefer a minimally invasive option with fewer postoperative restrictions
Phacoemulsification Postoperative Care
After phacoemulsification, patients should follow these care instructions:
Use prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent infection
Avoid heavy lifting, bending over, and strenuous activities for a few weeks
Wear an eye shield as advised, particularly at night, and avoid rubbing the eye
Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments
Risks and Complications
While phacoemulsification is generally safe, potential risks include:
Small risk of postoperative infection (endophthalmitis)
Temporary increase in intraocular pressure
Retinal detachment (rare)
Lens dislocation
Conclusion
Phacoemulsification offers numerous benefits and excellent visual outcomes for patients with cataracts. It is the go-to choice for eye doctors and individuals affected by cataracts.
Resources:
Phacoemulsification, PubMed
Checked by Atanas Bogoev, MD.